\contentsline {schapter}{Lista de Figuras}{xv} \contentsline {schapter}{Lista de Tablas}{xvii} \contentsline {schapter}{Pr\IeC {\'o}logo}{xix} \contentsline {schapter}{Prefacio}{xxi} \contentsline {schapter}{Agradecimientos}{xxiii} \contentsline {schapter}{Acr\IeC {\'o}nimos}{xxv} \contentsline {schapter}{Glosario}{xxvii} \contentsline {schapter}{Lista de S\IeC {\'\i }mbolos}{xxix} \contentsline {schapter}{Introducci\IeC {\'o}n}{xxxi} \contentsline {ichapter}{Linus Torvalds, Ing.}{xxxi} \contentsline {schapter}{Referencias}{xxxi} \contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Seguridad en las TIC y la Identidad Digital. }{1} \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Bases de la identidad digital}{3} \nobreak \vskip \authorskip \noindent \vrule height 9pt width0pt\hskip \chapskip A. Araujo, V. Bravo y R. Sumoza \hfill \vskip \chapheight \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Conceptos b\IeC {\'a}sicos}{3} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Implicaciones}{3} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Identificaci\IeC {\'o}n, autenticaci\IeC {\'o}n}{3} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.1}T\IeC {\'e}cnicas de identificaci\IeC {\'o}n y autenticaci\IeC {\'o}n}{4} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.1.1}Contrase\IeC {\~n}as}{4} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.1.2}Certificados electr\IeC {\'o}nicos}{4} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.1.3}Firmas electr\IeC {\'o}nicas}{4} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.3.1.4}Dispositivos de usuario}{4} \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Pol\'iticas de Seguridad}{19} \nobreak \vskip \authorskip \noindent \vrule height 9pt width0pt\hskip \chapskip A. Araujo y V. Bravo \hfill \vskip \chapheight \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Pol\IeC {\'\i }ticas de seguridad de la informaci\IeC {\'o}n. Importancia.}{19} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Puestos de trabajo, centros de datos, seguridad l\IeC {\'o}gica y f\IeC {\'\i }sica}{19} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Pol\IeC {\'\i }ticas de Seguridad de las Tecnolog\IeC {\'\i }as de Informaci\IeC {\'o}n y Comunicaci\IeC {\'o}n}{19} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Importancia de la Seguridad de la Informaci\IeC {\'o}n}{21} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}Seguridad de la Informaci\IeC {\'o}n para Tecnolog\IeC {\'\i }as Libres}{22} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.6}Principio de Defensa en profundidad}{22} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.6.1}Los principios generales de la defensa en profundidad}{24} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.7}Responsabilidad}{25} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.8}Procesos para aumentar la adopci\IeC {\'o}n de seguridad de la informaci\IeC {\'o}n}{25} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.8.1}Identificaci\IeC {\'o}n de los riesgos}{26} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.8.2}Evaluaci\IeC {\'o}n de los riesgos de seguridad}{27} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.8.3}Selecci\IeC {\'o}n de los controles}{29} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.8.4}Implementar los controles seleccionados}{30} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.8.5}Monitorear y mejorar los controles de seguridad}{30} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.9}Grupo de seguridad de la informaci\IeC {\'o}n}{31} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.10}Gesti\IeC {\'o}n de Contrase\IeC {\~n}as}{32} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.10.1}Claves con menos de ocho d\IeC {\'\i }gitos}{33} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.11}\IeC {\textquestiondown }Qu\IeC {\'e} se entiende por puesto de trabajo?}{34} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.12}Centro de datos}{34} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.13}\IeC {\textquestiondown }Que es seguridad l\IeC {\'o}gica?}{34} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.14}\IeC {\textquestiondown }Qu\IeC {\'e} es seguridad f\IeC {\'\i }sica?}{34} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.15}Cuenta de usuario}{34} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.15.1}Cuenta de usuario cr\IeC {\'\i }tica}{34} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.16}Vulnerabilidades de los sistemas de informaci\IeC {\'o}n}{35} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.16.1}Causas de las vulnerabilidades de los sistemas inform\IeC {\'a}ticos}{35} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.17}Herramientas para la seguridad de la informaci\IeC {\'o}n}{35} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.17.1}Cortafuego}{35} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.17.2}\IeC {\textquestiondown }Para qu\IeC {\'e} sirve el cortafuego?}{37} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.17.3}Consideraciones para la instalaci\IeC {\'o}n y configuraci\IeC {\'o}n de cortafuegos}{38} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.17.4}Sistemas de detecci\IeC {\'o}n de intrusiones (IDS)}{39} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.18}Identificaci\IeC {\'o}n de los riesgos a terceros}{41} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.19}Seguridad l\IeC {\'o}gica en los puestos de trabajo}{41} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.20}Seguridad l\IeC {\'o}gica en el centro de datos}{42} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.21}Seguridad f\IeC {\'\i }sica en los puestos de trabajo}{43} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.22}Seguridad f\IeC {\'\i }sica en el centro de dato}{44} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.22.1}Servicios que presta o prestar\IeC {\'a} el centro de datos: }{44} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.22.2}Ubicaci\IeC {\'o}n y condici\IeC {\'o}n f\IeC {\'\i }sica del centro de datos}{45} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.22.3}Especificaciones t\IeC {\'e}cnicas del centro de datos}{45} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.22.4}Control de acceso f\IeC {\'\i }sico al centro de datos}{47} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.22.5}Aire acondicionado}{47} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.22.6}Protecci\IeC {\'o}n, detecci\IeC {\'o}n y extinci\IeC {\'o}n de incendios}{48} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.23}Especificaci\IeC {\'o}n de las Pol\IeC {\'\i }ticas de seguridad de la informaci\IeC {\'o}n en el centro de datos}{48} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.24}Pol\IeC {\'\i }ticas de Respaldo y recuperaci\IeC {\'o}n}{50} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.24.1}Normas para las pol\IeC {\'\i }ticas de respaldo y recuperaci\IeC {\'o}n}{50} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.25}Gesti\IeC {\'o}n de Incidentes de seguridad}{51} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.25.1}Antes del incidente de seguridad:}{51} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.25.2}Durante el incidente de seguridad:}{52} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.25.3}Despu\IeC {\'e}s del incidente de seguridad:}{53} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.26}Plan de Recuperaci\IeC {\'o}n antes Desastres}{53} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.27}Seguridad en redes}{54} \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Privacidad}{55} \nobreak \vskip \authorskip \noindent \vrule height 9pt width0pt\hskip \chapskip R. Sumoza \hfill \vskip \chapheight \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Definici\IeC {\'o}n y pol\IeC {\'\i }ticas de privacidad}{55} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}T\IeC {\'e}cnicas para proporcionar privacidad}{55} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Anonimato}{55} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.1.1}Redes de mezcla}{55} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.1.2}Enrutamiento cebolla}{56} \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Fundamentos Jur\'idicos}{57} \nobreak \vskip \authorskip \noindent \vrule height 9pt width0pt\hskip \chapskip E. Mora \hfill \vskip \chapheight \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}El ordenamiento jur\IeC {\'\i }dico venezolano y las nuevas tecnolog\IeC {\'\i }as de la informaci\IeC {\'o}n}{57} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Ley de Mensajes de Datos y Firmas Electr\IeC {\'o}nicas, Ley de Infogobierno, Ley de Interoperabilidad y Ley Especial Contra los Delitos Inform\IeC {\'a}ticos}{57} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}La insuficiencia de las regulaciones jur\IeC {\'\i }dicas existentes}{57} \contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Aportes de CENDITEL en la Seguridad vinculada a la Identidad Digital en las TIC}{59} \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Certificaci\'on Electr\'onica}{61} \nobreak \vskip \authorskip \noindent \vrule height 9pt width0pt\hskip \chapskip V. Bravo y A. Araujo \hfill \vskip \chapheight \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introducci\'on}{62} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Marco Te'orico}{63} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Seguridad Inform\'atica}{63} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.2}Criptograf\'ia}{64} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.3}Certificados digitales}{65} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.4}Est\'andar X.509}{65} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.5}Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado}{67} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.6}Software Libre}{68} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Infraestructura de Clave P\'ublica}{68} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.1}Componentes de la Infraestructura de Claves P\'ublica (ICP)}{68} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Desarrollo de la aplicaci\'on}{69} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Conceptualizaci\'on}{69} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Dise\~no}{70} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}Implementaci\'on}{72} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.4}Pruebas}{74} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.5}Despliegue y configuraci\'on}{75} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusiones}{76} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.6}Glosario}{77} \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Firmas Electr\'onicas}{79} \nobreak \vskip \authorskip \noindent \vrule height 9pt width0pt\hskip \chapskip V. Bravo y A. Araujo \hfill \vskip \chapheight \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introducci\IeC {\'o}n}{80} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}El modelo actual de Firma Electr\IeC {\'o}nica}{80} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Antecedentes}{82} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Acoplamiento de la Firma Electr\IeC {\'o}nica Avanzada}{83} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Componente de Firma Electr\IeC {\'o}nica Avanzada}{83} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.2}M\IeC {\'e}todo de conex\IeC {\'\i }\IeC {\'o}n}{85} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Casos de estudio}{87} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.1}Caso OpenERP }{87} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.2}Caso SAID}{88} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5.3}Caso Flujos de Trabajo}{90} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.6}Conclusiones}{91} \contentsline {schapter}{Referencias}{93} \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Anonimato}{95} \nobreak \vskip \authorskip \noindent \vrule height 9pt width0pt\hskip \chapskip R. Sumoza \hfill \vskip \chapheight \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Modelo de protocolo para un sistema an\IeC {\'o}nimo basado en estrategias bio-inspiradas}{95} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.1}Introduction}{96} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.2}Artificial Systems Ant Colony in Anonymity}{96} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.3}Conclusion}{98} \contentsline {schapter}{Referencias}{99} \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Sistema de medici\IeC {\'o}n alternativo}{100} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.1}Introduction}{100} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.2}Related work}{101} \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.3}Proposal}{101} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.2.3.1}Root Squared Mean Error - RSME}{102} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.2.3.2}Jennesen-Shannon divergence}{102} \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.2.3.3}Results}{102} \contentsline {schapter}{Referencias}{105}