Index: versionElectronica/fuentes_libros.sty
===================================================================
--- versionElectronica/fuentes_libros.sty	(revision fef9024fe7a895da865d09775c95120c9d9060de)
+++ versionElectronica/fuentes_libros.sty	(revision fef9024fe7a895da865d09775c95120c9d9060de)
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+% w-bookps.sty 
+\def\pscurrentversion{Feb 16, 2012}
+
+  %****************************************************************%
+  %*                                                              *%
+  %*   Uso de fuentes PostScript                                  *%
+  %*                                                              *%
+  %*   Adaptado por Rodolfo Sumoza                                *%          
+  %*                                                              *%
+  %*   \documentclass{libros_cenditel}                            *%
+  %*                                                              *%
+  %*   \usepackage{w-bookps}                                      *%
+  %*                                                              *%
+  %****************************************************************%
+
+\typeout{^^J^^J
+Utilizando fuentes PostScript^^J^^J
+Estilo Fundación CENDITEL para libros^^J
+\pscurrentversion^^J^^J
+}
+
+%%  Se pueden cambiar las definiciones si es necesario ====>
+%%  Estos son los nombres de fuente Berry, los cuales se consiguen en la mayoría de los sistemas
+
+%% Times-Roman
+%------------------
+%% Nombres Berry:
+ \def\timesroman{ptmr}
+ \def\timesbold{ptmb}
+ \def\timesitalic{ptmri}
+ \def\timesbolditalic{ptmbi}
+
+%% Helvetica
+%------------------
+%% Nombres Berry:
+ \def\helvetica{phvr}
+ \def\helveticaoblique{phvro}
+ \def\helveticabold{phvb}
+ \def\helveticaboldoblique{phvbo}
+
+%% Courier
+%% Nombre Berry:
+\def\courier{pcrr}
+
+%% <==== Fin de cambios necesarios. Por favor no haga cambios en la siguiente parte.
+%% !!!!!!!!!
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%% Uso de las definiciones por defecto, nce these fonts 
+%% dado que estas fuentes anteriores no serán utilizadas:
+
+\def\courieroblique{pcrro}
+\def\courierbold{pcrb}
+\def\courierboldoblique{pcrbo}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}
+\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm}
+\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}
+
+%% Times-Roman
+\xdef\timesroman{\timesroman\space}
+\xdef\timesbold{\timesbold\space}
+\xdef\timesitalic{\timesitalic\space}
+\xdef\timesbolditalic{\timesbolditalic\space}
+
+%% Helvetica
+\xdef\helvetica{\helvetica\space}
+\xdef\helveticaoblique{\helveticaoblique\space}
+\xdef\helveticabold{\helveticabold\space}
+\xdef\helveticaboldoblique{\helveticaboldoblique\space}
+
+%% Courier
+\xdef\courier{\courier\space}
+\xdef\courieroblique{\courieroblique\space}
+\xdef\courierbold{\courierbold\space}
+\xdef\courierboldoblique{\courierboldoblique\space}
+
+%% Uso de fuentes especiales
+%%
+%% Tabla de Contenidos
+\font\tocarttitlefont=\helveticabold at 12pt
+\font\chaptocfont=\helveticabold at 10pt
+\font\tocfonts=\timesroman at 10pt
+
+%% Encabezados de paǵinas
+\font\runningheadfont=\helvetica at6.5pt
+\font\foliofont=\helveticabold at 9pt
+
+%% Título de libro, página de medio título
+
+\font\halftitlefont=\helveticabold at 20pt
+\font\titlefont=\helveticabold at 20pt
+\font\subtitlefont=\helveticabold at 20pt
+\font\editionfont=\helvetica at 14pt
+\font\authorfont=\helveticabold at 11pt
+\font\affilfont=\helvetica at 10pt
+\font\locfont=\timesbolditalic at 7pt
+
+\font\wileyfont=\helveticabold at 10pt
+\font\imprintfont=\helvetica at 10pt
+
+%% Título de Parte
+\font\partfont=\helvetica at 24pt
+\font\partnumberfont=\helveticabold at 14pt
+
+%% Título de Capítulo 
+\font\chapternumberfont=\helveticabold at 14pt
+\font\chaptertitlefont=\helvetica at 18pt
+\font\chapaffilfont=\timesroman at 9pt
+
+%% Encabezados de Sección
+\font\sectionfont=\helveticabold at 10pt
+\font\subsectionfont=\helveticabold at 10pt
+\font\subsubsectionfont=\helveticaboldoblique at 9pt
+\font\paragraphfont=\helveticaoblique at 9.5pt
+
+%% Títulos de figuras, tablas ... 
+\font\fignumfont=\timesbold at 9pt
+\font\tabnumfont=\timesbold at 9pt
+\font\figtextfont=\timesroman at 9pt
+\font\tabtextfont=\timesroman at 9pt
+
+%% Fuentes de Tabla
+\def\tablefontsize{\small}
+\def\tablefootnotesize{\footnotesize}
+
+%% Referencias/Bibliografía
+\def\bibfontsize{\small}
+
+%% Fuentes de Texto
+\font\bit=\timesbolditalic at 8pt
+
+
+%% Mayúscula de tamaño pequeño
+\font\bigscfont\timesroman at 9.5pt
+\font\smscfont\timesroman at 7.5pt
+\font\wherefont\timesitalic at 8pt
+
+%% Configuración de problemas
+\font\probfont\timesbolditalic at 10pt
+
+\@normalsize
+
+
Index: versionElectronica/libros_cenditel.cls
===================================================================
--- versionElectronica/libros_cenditel.cls	(revision fef9024fe7a895da865d09775c95120c9d9060de)
+++ versionElectronica/libros_cenditel.cls	(revision fef9024fe7a895da865d09775c95120c9d9060de)
@@ -0,0 +1,2463 @@
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{textpos}
+\setlength{\TPHorizModule}{\paperwidth}
+\def\currversion{Abr 01, 2014}
+%% libros_cenditel.cls
+  %****************************************************************%
+  %*                                                              *%
+  %*     Preparado por Rodolfo Sumoza.                            *%
+  %*     Basado en la plantilla para libros wileysix.cls          *%
+  %*     Fundación CENDITEL                                       *% 
+  %*     MPPCTI                                                   *%
+  %*                                                              *%
+  %*                                                              *%
+  %****************************************************************%
+
+  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+  %% Contenido de la macro:
+  %% Dimensiones
+  %% Parámetros Globales
+  %% Listas
+  %% Páginas de Título, Prefacio, Introducción
+  %% Comandos de Partes, Capítulos, y Apéndices 
+  %% Contadores
+  %% Nombres a nivel de encabezado
+  %% Comandos de Sección 
+  %% Verso, Espacios, Extracción 
+  %% Matemáticas
+  %% Títulos de Figuras y Tablas  
+  %% Tabla de Contenidos, Listas de Figuras, LOT 
+  %% Bibliografía, Referencias 
+  %% Pie de páginas
+  %% Encabezados
+  %% Tipos de letra para lugares específicos
+  %% Algoritmos
+  %% Glosario
+  %% Índice
+  %% Índices Múltiples
+  %% Líneas de borrador
+  %% Problemas propuestos
+  %% Ejercicios
+  %% Soluciones
+  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\typeout{^^J^^J
+Estilo de libro Fundación CENDITEL^^J
+^^J
+Escrito por Rodolfo L. Sumoza Matos, Fundación CENDITEL.^^J
+^^J
+Fecha de la versión: \currversion^^J^^J}
+
+
+
+\expandafter\ifx\csname mathunderscore\endcsname\relax
+\def\mathunderscore{\leavevmode\kern.06em\vbox{\hrule width.3em}}
+\def\mathellipsis{\mbox {$\m@th{\,.\,.\,.}\,$}}\fi
+\global\newdimen\phspace
+
+\parindent=1pc
+\parskip=0pt %se agrega .1pt
+
+%% para hacer el tamaño 6 1/8 por 9 1/4 
+%\textheight=45pc \textwidth=28pc
+\textheight=52pc \textwidth=36.48pc
+
+\topmargin.35in
+\headheight 12pt
+\headsep 18pt
+\topskip  10pt
+\footskip 18pt
+
+\columnsep 10pt
+\columnseprule 0pt
+
+\footnotesep 6.65pt
+\skip\footins 18pt 
+
+\floatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\textfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt
+\intextsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+
+\dblfloatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\dbltextfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt
+
+\@fptop 0pt plus 1fil
+\@fpsep 8pt plus 2fil
+\@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil
+\@dblfptop 0pt plus 1fil
+\@dblfpsep 8pt plus 2fil
+\@dblfpbot 0pt plus 1fil
+
+\maxdepth=4pt %% 
+
+\oddsidemargin-18pt
+\advance\oddsidemargin-.5in
+\evensidemargin-6pt
+\oddsidemargin=100pt
+
+\advance\oddsidemargin-.5in
+\evensidemargin=0pt
+\advance\evensidemargin-.5in
+\marginparwidth .75in
+
+\if@twocolumn
+ \setlength\marginparsep {10\p@}
+\else
+  \setlength\marginparsep{7\p@}
+\fi
+\setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}
+
+\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+
+%%%
+\setcounter{topnumber}{10}
+\def\topfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{10}
+\def\bottomfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{20}
+\def\textfraction{.1}
+\def\floatpagefraction{.5}
+\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
+\def\dbltopfraction{.7}
+\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
+%%%
+
+\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
+\tabcolsep 6pt
+
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
+\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
+\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
+\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
+\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
+\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
+
+\setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
+\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% <<== final de las dimensiones
+
+%%% Parámetros globales ==>>
+
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+
+%% Diferenciar la posición izquierda y derecha de las páginas.
+\@twosidefalse  \@mparswitchfalse
+\@twocolumnfalse
+
+\newif\if@openbib
+\@openbibfalse
+\newif\if@openright
+\newif\if@mainmatter 
+\newif\if@restonecol
+\newif\if@titlepage
+\newif\ifdraft
+
+%% Iniciar un nuevo capítulo en el lado derecho
+\newif\if@openright
+\@openrighttrue
+
+
+\newcommand{\contentsname}{CONTENIDOS}
+\newcommand{\listfigurename}{Lista de Figuras}
+\newcommand{\listtablename}{Lista de Tablas}
+\newcommand{\bibname}{Bibliografía}
+\newcommand{\indexname}{ÍNDICE}
+\newcommand{\figurename}{Figura}
+\newcommand{\tablename}{Tabla}
+\newcommand{\partname}{PARTE}
+\newcommand{\chaptername}{Capítulo}
+\newcommand{\appendixname}{Apéndice}
+
+%%% <== Fin de Parámetros globales
+
+\ProcessOptions
+
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+
+\newcommand{\@ptsize}{}
+
+\renewcommand{\normalsize}{%
+\ifdraft
+   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xviipt
+\else
+   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
+\fi
+   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+   \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\newcommand{\small}{%
+\ifdraft
+   \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{17}%
+\else
+   \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
+\fi
+   \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ %\@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ %\@plus2\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ %\@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+               \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+               \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \itemsep \parsep}%
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\newcommand{\footnotesize}{%
+\ifdraft
+   \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{17}%
+\else
+   \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9.5}%
+\fi
+   \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ %\@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ %\@plus\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ %\@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+               \topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \itemsep \parsep}%
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\newcommand{\xscriptsize}{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@vipt\@viipt}
+\newcommand{\scriptsize}{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
+\newcommand{\tiny}{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
+\newcommand{\large}{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}}
+\newcommand{\Large}{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}}
+\newcommand{\LARGE}{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}}
+\newcommand{\huge}{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
+\newcommand{\Huge}{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}
+
+
+\@maxdepth\maxdepth
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\mit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}}
+
+
+\lineskip 1pt
+\normallineskip 1pt
+\def\baselinestretch{1}
+
+\normalsize
+%% <<== Fin de información sobre fuentes
+
+
+%% Listas ==>>
+
+\leftmargini 20pt
+\leftmarginii 15pt
+\leftmarginiii 36pt
+\leftmarginiv 17pt
+\leftmarginv 10pt
+\leftmarginvi 10pt
+
+\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+            \parsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
+            \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+            \itemsep4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}
+\let\@listi\@listI
+\@listi
+\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+              \topsep    4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
+              \parsep    2\p@ \@plus\p@  \@minus\p@
+              \itemsep   \parsep}
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+              \topsep    2\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@
+              \parsep    \z@
+              \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@
+              \itemsep   \topsep}
+\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listv  {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginv
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+              \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
+              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+
+
+
+\leftmargin\leftmargini
+\labelsep 5pt
+\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+
+
+\setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+
+\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
+\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty
+
+\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\arabic{enumi}}
+\renewcommand{\theenumii}{\alph{enumii}}
+\renewcommand{\theenumiii}{\roman{enumiii}}
+\renewcommand{\theenumiv}{\Alph{enumiv}}
+\newcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumi.}
+\newcommand{\labelenumii}{(\theenumii)}
+\newcommand{\labelenumiii}{\theenumiii.}
+\newcommand{\labelenumiv}{\theenumiv.}
+\renewcommand{\p@enumii}{\theenumi}
+\renewcommand{\p@enumiii}{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
+\renewcommand{\p@enumiv}{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
+\def\sqbullet{\raise2pt\hbox{\vrule width 2.5pt depth0pt height 2.5pt}}
+\newcommand{\labelitemi}{\sqbullet}
+%\newcommand{\labelitemi}{$\m@th\bullet$}
+\newcommand{\labelitemii}{\normalfont\bfseries --}
+\newcommand{\labelitemiii}{$\m@th\ast$}
+\newcommand{\labelitemiv}{$\m@th\cdot$}
+\newenvironment{description}
+               {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
+                        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
+               {\endlist}
+
+
+\newcommand*{\descriptionlabel}[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                \normalfont\bfseries #1}
+
+%%% <<=== Fin de comandos de listas 
+
+%% Páginas de título, Prefacio, Introducción==>>
+
+\def\preface{%\startonoddpage
+\chapter*{Prefacio}
+\global\titletrue
+\markboth{PREFACIO}{PREFACIO}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Prefacio}}
+
+\def\prefacefirst{%\startonoddpage
+\chapter*{Prefacio a la Primera Edición}
+\global\titletrue
+\markboth{PREFACIO A LA PRIMERA EDICIÓN}{PREFACIO A LA PRIMERA EDICIÓN}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{\protect\numberline{\ }\string\rlap{Prefacio a la Primera Edición}}}
+
+\let\endprefacefirst\endpreface
+
+\def\endpreface{\newpage\markboth{}{}}
+
+\def\prefaceauthor#1{\vskip14pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill\small\sc #1}}
+
+
+\def\foreword{%\startonoddpage
+\chapter*{Prólogo}
+\global\titletrue
+\markboth{PRÓLOGO}{PRÓLOGO}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Prólogo}}
+\let\endforeword\endpreface
+
+
+\def\dedication#1{%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+\null\vskip15pc
+\noindent\hfill\vtop{\hsize=.45\hsize
+\leftskip=\parfillskip
+\baselineskip=12pt
+\parfillskip=0pt
+\def\\ {\vskip.5pt}
+\Large\it
+\noindent#1\vskip1sp}
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\newpage\markboth{}{}
+}
+
+\def\where#1{\vskip4pt\vtop{\parindent=0pt \wherefont #1}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\introduction{%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+\chapter*{Introducción}
+\markboth{INTRODUCCIÓN}{INTRODUCCIÓN}
+\renewcommand{\thechapter}{I}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Introducción}}
+
+\def\endintroduction{\newpage}
+
+%%
+%% Autor de la Introducción, Abr 01, 2014
+
+\def\introauthor#1#2{\vskip-1in
+\addcontentsline{toc}{ichapter}{#1}
+\vtop to 0pt{
+{\sc #1}
+\chapteraffil{#2}
+\vss}\global\everypar={\hskip-\parindent\everypar={}}\vskip1in}
+
+
+\def\l@ichapter#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >1
+    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
+    \vskip -3pt \@plus\p@
+     \setlength\@tempdima{2.5em}%
+    \begingroup
+      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+      \leavevmode 
+      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+      \hskip -\leftskip
+\hbox{\it #1}\hfill\par
+      \penalty\@highpenalty
+    \endgroup
+\vskip1sp
+  \fi}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\acknowledgments{%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+\chapter*{Agradecimientos}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Agradecimientos}}
+
+\def\endacknowledgments{\newpage}
+
+\let\acknowledgements\acknowledgments
+\let\endacknowledgements\endacknowledgments
+
+\def\authorinitials#1{\vskip12pt
+\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill#1}\newpage}
+
+
+%% from 2e
+\newcommand{\frontmatter}{\cleardoublepage
+            \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{roman}}
+\newcommand{\mainmatter}{\cleardoublepage
+       \@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}}
+\newcommand{\backmatter}{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
+      \@mainmatterfalse}
+%%
+
+\newif\iftitle
+
+\def\booktitle#1{\def\thetitle{\uppercase{#1}}}
+\def\subtitle#1{\def\thesubtitle{#1}}
+\def\author#1{\def\theauthor{#1}}
+\let\authors\author
+\def\editionstatement#1{\def\theeditionstatement{#1}}
+
+\booktitle{}
+\subtitle{}
+\editionstatement{}
+
+\def\coverpage{\thispagestyle{empty}
+    \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{P_4.png}
+    %\clearpage
+}
+
+\def\halftitlepage{\thispagestyle{empty}
+  \vspace*{9pc}%
+  {\parindent \z@ 
+    \interlinepenalty\@M
+\LARGE
+\hyphenpenalty10000
+\bfseries\halftitlefont 
+\def\\ {\vskip1sp}
+\noindent\thetitle\vskip 1sp
+}
+\newpage
+}
+
+\def\titlepage{\ifodd\c@page\else\thispagestyle{empty}\null\newpage\fi
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\vbox to\vsize{\vspace*{36pt}%
+\hrule height3pt
+\vskip6pc
+\parindent \z@ 
+\interlinepenalty\@M
+\Huge
+\hyphenpenalty10000
+\bfseries\titlefont 
+\uppercase{\thetitle}
+\ifx\subtitle\empty\else
+{\vskip1pt\baselineskip22pt
+\subtitlefont \vrule height2pc width0pt\thesubtitle\vskip1sp}\fi
+\vskip1pc
+\hrule
+\ifx\theeditionstatement\empty\else
+\vskip48pt
+{\editionfont \theeditionstatement}\fi
+\vskip6.5pc
+{\frenchspacing\baselineskip=12pt
+\authorfont \theauthor\vskip1sp}
+\vfill
+\noindent{\includegraphics[width=1.7in]{logoCenditel.png}}
+\vskip-8pt
+{\wileyfont Publicación de la Fundación CENDITEL}
+\vskip24pt}\newpage}
+
+\def\affil#1{{\affilfont #1}\vskip18pt}
+
+
+\def\dotspace{\hskip5pt/\hskip5pt}
+
+%% fin de páginas de Título. Prefacio
+
+%% Comandos de Parte, Capítulo, y Apéndice ===>>>
+
+\def\chaptermark#1{}
+
+\newcommand{\part}{\clearpage%\startonoddpage
+                 \thispagestyle{empty}%
+                     \@tempswafalse
+                 \secdef\@part\@spart}
+
+\def\@part[#1]#2{%
+\ifnum\c@part=0 \global\@mainmattertrue
+\pagenumbering{arabic}\setcounter{page}{1}\fi
+    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
+      \refstepcounter{part}%
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
+    \else
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
+    \fi
+    \markboth{}{}
+  {
+\vglue36pt
+\parindent \z@ 
+ \interlinepenalty\@M
+%\Large
+%{\parindent \z@ 
+%\partnumberfont
+%\hfill
+%\partname~\Roman{part}
+%\includegraphics[scale=0.60]{fondoParteDeLibro.png}
+%}
+
+%\hbox to\textwidth
+{%
+%\hbox to 1.5in{
+
+\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}%
+\begin{picture}(0,150)(0,0)
+\put(107,0){\includegraphics[scale=0.80]{fondoParteDeLibro.png}}
+\put(355,85){
+\Large
+\parindent \z@ 
+\partnumberfont
+\hfill
+\partname~\Roman{part}}
+%}
+
+\end{picture}%
+}
+
+
+
+\hfill\vrule depth12pt width0pt
+%\hrule height3pt % <- la raya horizontal
+%\vtop to23.5pc{\vfill % <- espacio entre PARTE y el titulo de la parte
+\vtop to20pc{\vfill
+\hyphenpenalty10000
+\raggedright
+\parfillskip=0pt
+\LARGE\baselineskip=24pt\boldmath\bfseries\partfont 
+\uppercase{#2}\vskip1pc
+\hrule height 1pt
+\vskip7pc}}}
+
+
+\def\@spart#1{%
+    {\centering
+     \interlinepenalty \@M
+     \reset@font
+     \Huge \bfseries #1\par}%
+    \@endpart}
+\def\@endpart{\vfill\newpage
+              \if@twoside
+                \hbox{}%
+                \thispagestyle{empty}%
+                \newpage
+             \fi}
+
+
+\def\and{\lowercase{and}\ }
+
+\def\eatone#1{}
+\def\oldauthor[#1]#2{{\ifnum\c@chapter<1
+\vskip-2pc
+\else
+\vskip2pc
+\ifnum\c@chapter>9\leftskip=4pc\else
+\leftskip=3pc\fi\fi\let\\ \newline{#2}\vskip1sp}
+{\let\\ \space \let\footnote\eatone\xdef\totoc{\tocauthorfont #1}}
+\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip-2.5pt{\string\noindent\hskip24pt\totoc}}
+\addtocontents{toc}{\vskip6pt}
+}
+
+
+\newif\iffirstprologue
+\def\prologue#1#2{\iffirstprologue\vskip4pt
+\global\firstprologuefalse\else
+\vskip12pt\fi
+{\leftskip=1pc
+\parindent=0pt \small
+\let\\ \newline#1\vskip1sp
+\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill\def\two{#2}\ifx\two\empty\else---#2\fi}
+}\vskip12pt}
+
+
+\newdimen\SpaceAboveChapterNumber
+\SpaceAboveChapterNumber=36pt
+
+\def\chapter{\let\thetable\savethetable
+\let\thefigure\savethefigure
+\global\c@footnote=0
+\global\probcount=0
+\global\c@chapapp=0
+\global\appendfalse
+\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\arabic{chapter}}
+                    \@afterindentfalse
+                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
+
+\let\savefootnote\footnote
+\let\savefootnotetext\footnotetext
+
+\newcount\savefootnotenumber
+\newcount\ftnum
+\newcount\saveftnum
+\def\catchfootnote#1{%
+\global\advance\ftnum by1
+\expandafter\gdef\csname thecatchfootnote\the\ftnum\endcsname{#1}}
+
+\def\zfnsymbol#1{\expandafter\@zfnsymbol\csname c@#1\endcsname}
+
+\def\@zfnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
+   \mathsection\or \mathparagraph\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
+   \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}
+
+\def\zzfnsymbol#1{\expandafter\@zfnsymbol\csname c@#1\endcsname}
+
+\def\@zzfnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1 \dagger\or \ddagger\or
+   \mathsection\or \mathparagraph\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
+   \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}
+
+\def\@chapter[#1]#2{
+%\startonoddpage
+\clearpage
+\global\titletrue
+%% no floats on chapter title page
+\global\@topnum\z@
+\global\@botnum\z@
+%%
+\ifnum\c@chapter=0\relax \ifnum\c@part=1 \else \setcounter{page}{1}
+\global\@mainmattertrue% <<===
+\fi\fi
+%% if using answers.sty:
+\expandafter\ifx\csname Closesolutionfile\endcsname \relax
+\else
+\Closesolutionfile{ans}\fi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\lowercase{\global\savefootnotenumber=\c@footnote
+\global\ftnum=0
+\setbox0=\hbox{\let\thanks\catchfootnote
+\let\\ \relax\let\footnote\catchfootnote#2}
+{\def\thefootnote{\zfnsymbol{footnote}}
+\ifnum\ftnum<1 \else
+\saveftnum\ftnum
+\global\advance\saveftnum by1
+\ftnum=1
+\loop\ifnum\saveftnum>\ftnum
+\advance\c@footnote by 1
+\savefootnotetext{\csname thecatchfootnote\the\ftnum\endcsname}
+\global\advance\ftnum by1
+\repeat
+\fi}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+\gdef\thepage{\csname @arabic\endcsname\c@page}
+%
+\refstepcounter{chapter}% <<==== moved this here instead of below mainmatter
+%% when using answers.sty,
+%% to open an ans<chapnum> file to be used for solutions section
+\expandafter\ifx\csname Opensolutionfile\endcsname\relax\else
+\Opensolutionfile{ans}[ans\the\c@chapter]\fi
+\let\dolabelnow\relax
+{\def\label##1{\gdef\dolabelnow{\savelabel{##1}}}%
+     \global\setbox0=\hbox{\def\\ {\relax}#2}}%
+\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
+                       \if@mainmatter
+                         \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
+\let\thanks\eatone
+                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
+                                   {\protect\numberline{\thechapter}#1}%
+                       \else
+\let\thanks\eatone
+                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
+                       \fi
+                    \else
+\let\thanks\eatone
+                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
+                    \fi
+                    \chaptermark{#1}%
+                      \@makechapterhead{{
+\def\thanks##1{$^{\zfnsymbol{footnote}}$}
+\def\\ {\vskip1sp}\uppercase{#2}}}%
+\dolabelnow
+                      \@afterheading
+                    \lowercase{\global\c@footnote\savefootnotenumber}}
+
+\def\@makechapterhead#1{% 
+\vglue10pt
+\SpaceAboveChapterNumber=36pt
+  {\parindent \z@ 
+    \interlinepenalty\@M
+%\noindent{\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{icono2.jpg}}
+%\noindent{\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{IconoOctagonoGrande.png}}
+%\noindent{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{IconoOctagonoVerde.png}}
+%\noindent{\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{fondoCapituloDeLibro.png}}
+
+
+%\Large
+%\hbox to\textwidth{\hbox{\chapternumberfont CAPÍTULO
+%\the\c@chapter}\hfill\vrule depth1pt width0pt}
+%\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill 
+%{\noindent{\includegraphics[scale=0.20]{fondoCapituloDeLibro.png}}} 
+%}
+\hbox to\textwidth{%
+\hbox to 1.5in{
+\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}%
+\begin{picture}(0,200)(0,0)
+\put(210,0){\includegraphics[scale=0.20]{fondoCapituloDeLibro.png}}
+\put(133,87){
+\Large
+\hbox to\textwidth{\hbox{\chapternumberfont CAPÍTULO
+\the\c@chapter}\hfill\vrule depth1pt width0pt}
+}
+\end{picture}%
+}
+}
+
+
+%\begin{textblock}{0.3}(5,5)
+%{\noindent{\includegraphics[scale=0.20]{fondoCapituloDeLibro.png}}} 
+%\end{textblock}
+
+%\begin{textblock}{0.3}(6,6)
+%{
+%\Large
+%\hbox to\textwidth{\hbox{\chapternumberfont CAPÍTULO
+%\the\c@chapter}\hfill\vrule depth1pt width0pt}
+%} 
+%\end{textblock}
+
+
+%\Large
+%\hbox to\textwidth{\hbox{\chapternumberfont CAPÍTULO
+%\the\c@chapter}\hfill\vrule depth1pt width0pt}
+
+
+\hrule height0pt
+\vtop to16.5pc{\vfill
+\hyphenpenalty10000
+\raggedright
+\parfillskip=0.5pt
+\LARGE\boldmath\bfseries\chaptertitlefont 
+#1\vskip1pc
+\hrule height 1pt
+\vskip7pc}}
+\dooffprintinfo}
+
+\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
+                   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
+                 \else
+                   \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
+                   \@afterheading
+                 \fi\global\titletrue\relax}
+
+\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
+  \vspace*{14pc}%
+\noindent{\Large\bfseries\chaptertitlefont
+\uppercase{#1}}\nobreak
+\vskip1pc\hrule height1pt\vskip7.5pc}
+
+\let\title\chapter
+
+\newcount\c@chapapp
+\def\chapappendix#1{\par
+\global\advance\c@chapapp by 1
+  \setcounter{section}{0}%
+  \setcounter{figure}{0}%
+  \setcounter{table}{0}%
+  \setcounter{equation}{0}%
+  \renewcommand{\@chapapp}{\appendixname}%
+  \renewcommand{\thechapter}{%\the\c@chapter.
+\Alph{chapapp}}
+\renewcommand{\thetable}{\the\c@chapter-\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table\theletter}
+\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\the\c@chapter-\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure\theletter}
+\def\one{#1}\ifx\one\empty
+\section*{Apéndice}
+\markright{APÉNDICE}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{\protect\numberline{Apéndice}}
+\else
+\section*{Apéndice: #1}
+\markright{APÉNDICE}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{\protect\numberline{Apéndice: #1}}
+\fi
+}
+
+
+%%% <<=== final de comandos para Capítulo, Parte, y Apéndice 
+
+
+%%% Contadores ===>>
+\newcounter {part}
+\newcounter {chapter}
+\newcounter {section}[chapter]
+\newcounter {subsection}[section]
+\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
+\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
+\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
+
+%%% <=== final contadores
+
+%%% Nombres a nivel de encabezado ==>>
+\renewcommand{\thepart}         {\Roman{part}}
+\renewcommand{\thechapter}      {\arabic{chapter}}
+\renewcommand{\thesection}      {\thechapter.\arabic{section}}
+\renewcommand{\thesubsection}   {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
+\renewcommand{\thesubsubsection}{\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}
+\renewcommand{\theparagraph}    {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
+\renewcommand{\thesubparagraph} {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
+\newcommand{\@chapapp}{\chaptername}
+
+%%% <<== final de nombres a nivel de encabezado
+
+
+%%% Comandos de Sección ====>>>>
+
+% \@startsection {NOMBRE}{NIVEL}{IDENTACIÓN}{PREVIO SALTO}{DESPUÉS DE SALTO}{ESTILO}
+%            opcional * [ENCABEZADO ALTERNATIVO]{ENCABEZADO}
+%    Comando genérico para el inicio de sección.
+%    NOMBRE          : ejemplo, 'subsección'
+%    NIVEL           : un número, denotando profundidad de la sección -- ejemplo: capítulo=1,
+%                      sección=2, etc.
+%    IDENTACIÓN      : Indentación del encabezado desde el margen izquierdo
+%    ANTES DE SALTO  : Valor absoluto = salto a nivel superior del encabezado.
+%                      Si es negativo, entonces se suprime la identación del texto que sigue al encabezado.
+%    DESPUÉS DE SALTO: si es positivo, entonces es el salto a dar después del encabezado, de lo contrario, 
+%                      es el salto a dar a la derecha del encabezado actual. 
+%    ESTILO          : comandos para la configuración de estilo
+%  Si falta el '*', entonces se incrementa el contador. Si está presente, entonces no debería haber un argumento en encabezado alternativo
+%  Utilice el contador 'secnumdepth' cuyo valor es el mayor nivel de la sección a ser enumerada
+
+
+
+\newcommand{\section}{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+                                   {-22pt plus -1pt minus -6pt
+}%
+                                   {13pt}%
+                                   {\reset@font\large\bfseries\boldmath\sectionfont}}
+\newcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+                                     {-16pt plus -1pt minus -3pt
+}%
+                                     {8pt}%
+                                 {\reset@font\large\bfseries\boldmath\subsectionfont}}
+\newcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+                                     {-12pt plus -1pt minus -6pt
+}%
+                                     {-1em}
+                           {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath\subsubsectionfont}}
+\newcommand{\paragraph}{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                                    {-12pt}%
+                                    {-1em}%
+                               {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\paragraphfont}}
+\newcommand{\subparagraph}{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
+                                       {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
+                                       {-1em}%
+                                      {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}
+
+%%% <<=== final comandos de secciones
+
+
+%%% Verso, Cita, Extracto ==>>
+
+\newenvironment{verse}
+               {\let\\=\@centercr
+                \list{}{\itemsep      \z@
+                        \itemindent   -1.5em%
+                        \listparindent\itemindent
+                        \rightmargin  \leftmargin
+                        \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+\newenvironment{quotation}
+               {\small
+\list{}{\listparindent \parindent%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+\newenvironment{quote}
+               {\small
+\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+\let\extract\quotation
+\let\endextract\endquotation
+%% <<== final Verso, Cita, Extracto 
+
+
+%%% Matemática ===>>>
+
+\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}
+\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thechapter.\arabic{equation}}
+
+%%% ruta fácil para hacer matemáticas en negrita utilizando $ fórmula $
+\def\dobold#1{\hbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle #1$\unboldmath}}
+\let\mathbold\dobold
+
+%% crear una caja alrededor de la ecuación o ambiente desplegado 
+\def\boxit#1{{\fboxsep=6pt\ifmmode
+\fbox{$\displaystyle #1$}
+\else
+\vskip14pt{\centerline{\fbox{\vtop{\vskip-9pt\vskip1sp\advance\hsize-41pt #1\vskip-8pt}}}\vskip14pt}\fi}}
+
+%%% <<<=== final Matemática 
+
+
+%%% Título de Figuras y Tablas ==>>>
+\newcounter{figure}[chapter]
+\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\thechapter.%
+\@arabic\c@figure\theletter}
+\def\fps@figure{tbp}
+\def\ftype@figure{1}
+\def\ext@figure{lof}
+\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+\newenvironment{figure}
+               {\@float{figure}}
+               {\end@float}
+\newenvironment{figure*}
+               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
+               {\end@dblfloat}
+\newcounter{table}[chapter]
+\renewcommand{\thetable}{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table\theletter}
+
+\let\savethetable\thetable
+\let\savethefigure\thefigure
+
+
+\def\fps@table{tbp}
+\def\ftype@table{2}
+\def\ext@table{lot}
+\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+\newenvironment{table}
+               {\@float{table}}
+               {\end@float}
+\newenvironment{table*}
+               {\@dblfloat{table}}
+               {\end@dblfloat}
+\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
+\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+
+\def\xfigure{figure}
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+\vskip\abovecaptionskip
+{\small\hyphenpenalty10000
+\ifx\@captype\xfigure
+\ifcontinued\global\advance\c@figure -1\fi
+\else
+\ifcontinued\global\advance\c@table -1\fi
+\fi%
+ \sbox\@tempboxa{{\fignumfont#1 \ifcontinued (Continuación)\fi
+\quad \ifx\@captype\xfigure\figtextfont\else
+\tabtextfont\fi\let\newline\ #2}}%
+  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >.9\hsize \hyphenpenalty10000
+\fignumfont #1 \ifcontinued (Continuación)\fi\quad
+\ifx\@captype\xfigure\figtextfont\else
+\tabtextfont\fi#2\par
+  \else
+    \global \@minipagefalse
+    \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+  \fi
+\ifx\@captype\xfigure
+  \vskip\belowcaptionskip
+\else
+\vskip3pt\fi
+\gdef\theletter{\relax}
+\global\continuedfalse
+}}
+
+
+\newif\ifsettotop
+
+
+\def\@xfloat#1[#2]{%
+\def \@captype {#1}\def \@fps {#2}\@onelevel@sanitize \@fps 
+\def \reserved@b {!}\ifx \reserved@b \@fps \@fpsadddefault \else 
+\ifx \@fps \@empty \@fpsadddefault \fi \fi 
+\ifhmode \@bsphack \@floatpenalty -\@Mii \else \@floatpenalty -\@Miii \fi 
+\ifinner \@parmoderr \@floatpenalty \z@ 
+\else \@next \@currbox \@freelist {\@tempcnta \sixt@@n 
+\expandafter \@tfor \expandafter \reserved@a \expandafter :\expandafter 
+=\@fps \do {\if \reserved@a h\ifodd \@tempcnta \else \advance \@tempcnta \@ne 
+\fi \fi \if \reserved@a t\@setfpsbit \tw@ \global\settotoptrue\fi 
+\if \reserved@a b\@setfpsbit 4\fi 
+\if \reserved@a p\@setfpsbit 8\fi 
+\if \reserved@a !\ifnum \@tempcnta >15 
+\advance\@tempcnta -\sixt@@n\relax\fi \fi }\@tempcntb 
+\csname ftype@\@captype \endcsname \multiply \@tempcntb \@xxxii \advance 
+\@tempcnta \@tempcntb \global \count \@currbox \@tempcnta }\@fltovf \fi 
+\global \setbox \@currbox \color@vbox \normalcolor \vbox \bgroup 
+\ifx\@captype\xtable
+\ifsettotop
+\vglue-6pt
+\fi\fi\global\settotopfalse
+\hsize \columnwidth \@parboxrestore \@floatboxreset}
+
+\let\savetabular\tabular
+\def\tabular{\tablefontsize\baselineskip=12pt\savetabular}
+
+\@namedef{tabular*}#1{\def\@halignto{to#1}
+\tablefontsize\baselineskip12pt\@tabular}
+
+\def\@array[#1]#2{%
+  \if #1t\vtop \else \if#1b\vbox \else \vcenter \fi\fi
+  \bgroup
+  \setbox\@arstrutbox\hbox{%
+    \vrule \@height\arraystretch\ht\strutbox
+           \@depth\arraystretch \dp\strutbox
+           \@width\z@}%
+  \@mkpream{@{}#2@{}}%
+  \edef\@preamble{%
+    \ialign \noexpand\@halignto
+      \bgroup \@arstrut \@preamble \tabskip\z@skip \cr}%
+  \let\@startpbox\@@startpbox \let\@endpbox\@@endpbox
+  \let\tabularnewline\\%
+    \let\par\@empty
+    \let\@sharp##%
+    \set@typeset@protect
+    \lineskip\z@skip\baselineskip\z@skip
+    \ifhmode \@preamerr\z@ \@@par\fi
+    \@preamble}
+
+\def\tablenotes{\vskip2pt\footnotesize}
+\let\endtablenotes\relax
+
+%% Compatibilidad con versiones anteriores:
+\let\savehline\hline
+
+\let\hline\savehline
+\def\arraystretch{1.25}
+
+%%%%%%%%% Títulos numerados con letras
+
+\def\theletter{\relax}
+\newif\ifxfirsttime
+\xfirsttimetrue
+
+\def\caption{\ifx\@captype\xtable
+\ifx\theletter\xrelax
+\global\xfirsttimetrue\refstepcounter\@captype\else
+\ifxfirsttime\global\xfirsttimefalse\refstepcounter\@captype\fi\fi
+\else
+\ifx\theletter\xrelax
+\global\xfirsttimetrue\refstepcounter\@captype\else
+\ifxfirsttime\global\xfirsttimefalse\refstepcounter\@captype\fi\fi\fi
+\edef\@currentlabel{\expandafter\csname p@\@captype\endcsname%
+\expandafter\csname the\@captype\endcsname}
+\xdef\currcaptype{\@captype}
+\@dblarg{\@caption\@captype}}
+
+\def\letteredcaption#1{\gdef\theletter{#1}\caption}
+
+\newif\ifcontinued
+\def\continuedcaption{\global\continuedtrue\caption}
+
+%%% <<=== final de los títulos de Figura y Tabla
+
+
+%%% Tabla de Contenidos, Lista de Figuras, LOT ===>>
+
+\newcommand{\@pnumwidth}{1.55em}
+\newcommand{\@tocrmarg} {2.55em  plus .5in}
+\newcommand{\@dotsep}{4.5}
+
+\def\startonoddpage{\clearpage
+\ifodd\c@page\else\null\thispagestyle{empty}\newpage\fi}
+
+\newcommand{\tableofcontents}{%
+%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+    \chapter*{\contentsname}
+        \@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}%
+\vskip-9pt
+\bgroup\parskip=0pt
+\chapskip=26pt
+\authorskip=-6pt
+\chapheight3pt
+\partskip=-8pt
+{\normalsize\tocfonts\baselineskip=14pt
+\hyphenpenalty=10000
+    \@starttoc{toc}%
+}
+\egroup
+    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi
+
+\newpage
+\markboth{}{}
+    }
+
+\def\splitintwo#1.#2*{\llap{#1}\rlap{.#2}}
+
+\newcommand{\listoftables}{%
+%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+    \chapter*{Lista de Tablas
+        \@mkboth{\uppercase{Lista de Tablas}}{\uppercase{Lista de Tablas}}}%
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Lista de Tablas}
+\vskip-9pt
+\bgroup\parskip=2pt
+{\def\numberline##1{\def\one{##1}%
+\hb@xt@\@tempdima{\expandafter\splitintwo\one*\hfil}}
+\normalsize\tocfonts
+\hyphenpenalty=10000
+    \@starttoc{lot}%
+}
+\egroup
+    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi
+\newpage
+\markboth{}{}
+    }
+
+
+
+\newcommand{\listoffigures}{%
+%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+    \chapter*{Lista de Figuras
+        \@mkboth{\uppercase{Lista de Figuras}}{\uppercase{Lista de Figuras}}}%
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Lista de Figuras}
+\vskip-9pt
+\bgroup\parskip=2pt
+{\def\numberline##1{\def\one{##1}%
+\hb@xt@\@tempdima{\expandafter\splitintwo\one*\hfil}}
+\normalsize\tocfonts
+\hyphenpenalty=10000
+    \@starttoc{lof}%
+}
+\egroup
+    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi
+\newpage
+\markboth{}{}
+    }
+
+\newskip\partskip
+
+\def\l@part#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
+    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
+\vskip16pt
+    \begingroup
+      {\centering\leavevmode\chaptocfont
+         \uppercase{Parte\ \/ #1}
+\vskip8pt
+\vskip\partskip
+}\par
+       \nobreak
+         \global\@nobreaktrue
+         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}
+    \endgroup
+\vskip1sp
+  \fi}
+
+\def\l@chapter#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\m@ne
+    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
+    \vskip 10pt \@plus\p@
+     \setlength\@tempdima{2.5em}%
+    \begingroup
+\let\numberline\xnumberline
+      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+      \leavevmode 
+      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+      \hskip -\leftskip
+\chaptocfont 
+#1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox 
+to\@pnumwidth{\hss\chaptocfont #2}\par
+      \penalty\@highpenalty
+    \endgroup
+\vskip4pt
+  \fi}
+
+\def\l@schapter#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >1
+    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
+    \vskip 3pt \@plus\p@
+     \setlength\@tempdima{2.5em}%
+    \begingroup
+      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+      \leavevmode 
+      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+      \hskip -\leftskip
+%\chaptocfont 
+#1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox 
+to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
+      \penalty\@highpenalty
+    \endgroup
+\vskip1sp
+  \fi}
+
+
+\def\l@sschapter#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >1
+    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
+    \vskip 6pt \@plus\p@
+     \setlength\@tempdima{2.5em}%
+    \begingroup
+      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+      \leavevmode 
+      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+      \hskip -\leftskip
+\bf
+#1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox 
+to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
+      \penalty\@highpenalty
+    \endgroup
+\vskip1sp
+  \fi}
+
+\def\l@achapter#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >0
+    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
+    \vskip 6pt 
+     \setlength\@tempdima{2.5em}%
+    \begingroup
+      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+      \leavevmode 
+      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+      \hskip -\leftskip
+\chaptocfont 
+#1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox 
+to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
+      \penalty\@highpenalty
+    \endgroup
+\vskip4pt
+  \fi}
+
+% \@dottedtocline{NIVEL}{IDENTACIÓN}{AMPLITUD_NUMERO}{TÍTULO}{PÁGINA} :
+%   Macro para producir una línea de tabla de contenidos con los siguientes parámetros:
+%     NIVEL           : Si NIVEL > \c@tocdepth, entonces no se genera la línea.
+%     IDENTACIÓN      : Identación total desde el margen izquierdo.
+%     AMPLITUD_NUMERO : Amplitud de la caja para el número si el TÍTULO tiene un comando \numberline.
+%                       Como de 25 Enero de 1988, esto también el la cantidad extra de identación agregada a la segunda y subsecuentes líneas para
+%                       líneas de múltiples entradas.
+%     TÍTULO          : Contenidos de entrada.
+%     PÁGINA          : Número de página.
+%
+%  Utilice los siguientes parámetros, los cuales deben ser configurados en el estilo del documento.
+%  Estos deben definirse con \def's.
+%    \@pnumwidth : Ancho de la caja en el cual el número de página es colocado.
+%    \@tocrmarg  : Identación del márgen derecho para todas las líneas exceptuando la última en entradas múltiples.
+%    \@dotsep    : Separación entre puntos, unidad in (pulgadas) mu ().  Debe definirse para \def'd un número como 2 o 1.7
+%
+
+\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+\ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else \vskip 1sp {\leftskip #2\relax%
+\rightskip \@tocrmarg  \parfillskip -\rightskip \parindent #2\relax%
+\@afterindenttrue \interlinepenalty \@M \leavevmode \@tempdima #3\relax %
+\advance \leftskip \@tempdima \hbox {}\hskip -\leftskip #4%
+\nobreak% \leaders \hbox {$\m@th \mkern%
+% \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep mu$}
+\hfill\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth {\hfil #5}\par }\fi}
+
+\newskip\tabandfigskip
+\tabandfigskip=6pt plus 3pt minus 3pt
+\def\l@table{\setlength\@tempdima{18pt}%
+\vskip\tabandfigskip
+\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{3.5em}}
+\def\l@figure{\setlength\@tempdima{18pt}%
+\vskip\tabandfigskip
+\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{3.5em}}
+
+\def\l@section{\setlength\@tempdima{18pt}%
+\@dottedtocline{1}{2.5em}{3em}}%was 2.3em
+\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{5.5em}{3.6em}}% #3 was 3.4em
+\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{7em}{5.1em}} %was 4.1em
+\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{10em}{5em}}
+\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{12em}{6em}}
+
+
+%%% <<=== final TOC
+
+%%% Bibliografiá, Referencias, Agradecimientos ===>>
+
+%%%%%% Bibliografía utilizando BibTeX
+
+\def\chapbibliography{%
+{\let\thebibliography\thechapbibliography
+\let\endthebibliography\endthechapbibliography
+\@input {\jobname.bbl}}
+}
+
+\def\thechapbibliography#1{\section*{Referencias}
+\markright{REFERENCIAS}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Referencias}
+\small
+\labelsep 5pt
+\list
+  {\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+    \leftmargin\labelwidth
+    \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+    \usecounter{enumiv}%
+    \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+    \def\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
+    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus.33em minus.07em}%
+    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+    \sfcode`\.=\@m}
+
+\def\endthechapbibliography{%
+  \endlist}
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\newblock{}
+
+\let\save@lbibitem\@lbibitem
+\let\save@bibitem\@bibitem
+\def\@lbibitem{\def\@biblabel##1{[##1]}
+\save@lbibitem}
+
+\def\@bibitem{\labelsep=5pt\def\@biblabel##1{##1.}\save@bibitem}
+
+\def\bibitem{\@ifnextchar[\@lbibitem\@bibitem}
+
+
+%% to get rid of the extra argument used for thebibliography,
+%% when redefinining thebibliography to be chapreferences:
+\def\chapthebibliography#1{\chapreferences}
+\let\endchapthebibliography\endchapreferences
+
+\def\chapreferences#1{\ifvmode\vskip-\lastskip\fi
+\vskip8pt\vskip1sp\section*{REFERENCIAS}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Referencias}
+\bgroup
+\small
+\list
+  {\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+    \leftmargin\labelwidth
+    \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+    \usecounter{enumiv}%
+    \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+    \def\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
+    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus.33em minus.07em}%
+    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+    \sfcode`\.=\@m
+}
+
+\def\endchapreferences{\endlist\egroup}
+
+\def\thebibliography#1{\clearpage%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue\dooffprintinfo
+\chapter*{Referencias}
+\markboth{REFERENCIAS}{REFERENCIAS}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Referencias}
+\small
+\labelsep 5pt
+\list
+  {\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+    \leftmargin\labelwidth
+    \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+    \usecounter{enumiv}%
+    \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+    \def\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
+    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus.33em minus.07em}%
+    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+    \sfcode`\.=\@m}
+
+\def\endthebibliography{%
+  \endlist}
+
+\def\references{\bgroup\thebibliography}
+\def\endreferences{\endthebibliography\egroup}
+
+
+%% final Bibliografía, Referencias y Agradecimientos
+
+
+%%% Pié de páginas ===>>>
+
+%  \renewcommand{\footnoterule}{%
+%  \kern-3\p@
+%  \hrule width .4\columnwidth
+%  \kern 2.6\p@}
+
+  \let\footnoterule\relax
+
+\@addtoreset{footnote}{chapter}
+
+\long\def\@makefntext#1{%
+    \parindent 1em%
+    \noindent
+    \@makefnmark#1}
+
+\newcount\footnum
+\newcount\savefootnum
+\def\endnote#1{\global\advance\footnum by 1\relax$^{\the\footnum}$%
+\long\expandafter\gdef\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname{%
+\vtop{\footnotesize\hsize=\textwidth\leftskip=12pt\relax\parindent=-12pt
+\indent\hbox to12pt{\the\footnum.\hfill}{#1\strut\vskip1sp}}\vskip1pt}}
+
+\def\endnotetext#1{\global\advance\footnum by 1\relax
+\long\expandafter\gdef\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname{%
+\vtop{\footnotesize\hsize=\textwidth\leftskip=12pt\relax\parindent=-12pt
+\indent\hbox to12pt{\the\footnum.\hfill}{#1\strut\vskip1sp}}\vskip1pt}}
+
+\newif\ifrefnoteused
+\def\refnote{\ifrefnoteused\else\global\refnoteusedtrue
+\typeout{^^J^^J!!! ===>>>^^J
+Por favor no utilice el comando \string\refnote.^^J
+En su lugar escriba una referencia estándar de LaTeX y utilice \string\cite
+^^J<<<=== !!!^^J^^J}\fi}
+
+\def\notes{\ifnum\footnum=0\else
+\savefootnum=\footnum
+\footnum=0
+\noindent\loop\ifnum\savefootnum>\footnum%
+\global\advance\footnum by1\relax%
+\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname\relax%
+\expandafter\gdef\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname{\relax}\relax%
+\repeat\global\footnum=0\relax\fi}
+
+\def\note{\hfill}
+
+
+%%% <<<=== Final de Pié de páginas
+
+
+
+%%% Encabezados de ejecución ===>>>
+
+%% a menos que se necesite esto, déjelo descomentado
+    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+    \let\chaptermark\@gobble
+    \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+
+\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
+ \def\@oddfoot{\rlap{\ifoffprintinfo\global\offprintinfofalse%
+\printoffprintinfo\fi}%
+\iftitle\global\titlefalse{\hfill\foliofont\thepage}\fi}
+ \def\@evenfoot{\iftitle\global\titlefalse{\foliofont\thepage\hfill}\fi
+\llap{\ifoffprintinfo\global\offprintinfofalse%
+\printoffprintinfo\fi}%
+}
+ \def\@evenhead{\iftitle\else{\foliofont \thepage}\hskip1.5pc%
+\footnotesize\runningheadfont\MakeUppercase\leftmark\fi\hfill}
+ \def\@oddhead{\hfill\iftitle\else{\footnotesize\runningheadfont 
+\MakeUppercase\rightmark}\hskip1.5pc%
+\foliofont\thepage\fi}%
+ \def\chaptermark##1{\markboth {\uppercase{##1}}{}}%
+ \def\sectionmark##1{\markright {\uppercase{##1}}}}
+
+\markboth{}{}
+
+\ps@headings
+
+\pagestyle{headings}
+\pagenumbering{roman}
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+%% Uso especial de fuentes
+%%
+
+%% Llamado a fuentes modernas de computadores. Se redefinirá si las fuentes son utilizadas
+%%
+%% \documentclass{wileysix} 
+%% \usepackage{w-bookps}
+%%  utilizará fuentes PostScript.
+
+%% \documentclass{wileysix} utilizará fuentes modernas de Computadoras.
+
+
+%% Times-Roman
+\def\timesroman{cmr10 }
+\def\timesbold{cmbx10 }
+\def\timesitalic{cmti10 }
+\def\timesbolditalic{cmbx10 }
+
+%% Helvetica
+\def\helvetica{cmss10 }
+\def\helveticabold{cmssbx10 }
+\def\helveticaboldoblique{cmssi10 }
+\def\helveticaoblique{cmssi10 }
+
+%% Uso especial de fuentes
+%%
+%% Tabla de Contenidos
+\font\tocarttitlefont=\helveticabold at 12pt
+\font\chaptocfont=\helveticabold at 10pt
+\font\tocfonts=\timesroman at 10pt
+
+
+%% Encabezados
+\font\runningheadfont=\helvetica at6,5pt
+\font\foliofont=\helveticabold at 9pt
+
+%% Título del libro, Página de medio título
+
+\font\halftitlefont=\helveticabold at 20pt
+\font\titlefont=\helveticabold at 27pt
+\font\subtitlefont=\helveticabold at 20pt
+\font\editionfont=\helvetica at 14pt
+\font\authorfont=\helveticabold at 11pt
+\font\affilfont=\helvetica at 10pt
+\font\locfont=\timesbolditalic at 7pt
+
+\font\wileyfont=\helveticabold at 10pt
+\font\imprintfont=\helvetica at 10pt
+
+%% Título de parte
+\font\partfont=\helvetica at 24pt
+\font\partnumberfont=\helveticabold at 14pt
+
+%% Título de capítulo 
+\font\chapternumberfont=\helveticabold at 14pt
+\font\chaptertitlefont=\helvetica at 18pt
+
+%% Encabezados de sección
+\font\sectionfont=\timesbold at 10pt
+\font\subsectionfont=\helveticabold at 10pt
+\font\subsubsectionfont=\helveticaboldoblique at 10pt
+\font\paragraphfont=\helveticaoblique at 10pt
+
+%% Títulos de figuras y tablas
+\font\fignumfont=\timesbold at 9pt
+\font\tabnumfont=\timesbold at 9pt
+\font\figtextfont=\timesroman at 9pt
+\font\tabtextfont=\timesroman at 9pt
+
+%% Fuente de tablas
+\def\tablefontsize{\small}
+\def\tablefootnotesize{\footnotesize}
+
+%% Referencias/Bibligrafia
+\def\bibfontsize{\small}
+
+%% Fuentes de texto
+\font\bit=\timesbolditalic at 8pt
+
+%% Fuentes mayúscula pequeñas
+\font\bigscfont\timesroman at 9.5pt
+\font\smscfont\timesroman at 7.5pt
+\font\wherefont\timesitalic at 8pt
+
+%% Configuración de problema
+\font\probfont\timesbolditalic at 10pt
+
+
+%%% <=== Final uso de fuentes especiales
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%% Fuentes mayúscula pequeñas
+
+% To use: \fakesc some stuff*
+%% \bigscfont, \smscfont are listed in font section above.
+
+\def\fakesc#1*{\edef\stuff{#1 }%
+\expandafter\pickupnewword\stuff* }
+\def\saveast{*}
+
+\def\rrelax{\relax}
+
+\def\pickupnewlett#1{\def\letter{#1}%
+\ifx\letter\saveast\unskip% 
+\let\go\relax \else%  
+\ifx\letter\rrelax{\bigscfont\ }%
+\let\go\pickupnewword\else% 
+\uppercase{\def\ucletter{#1}%  upper case letter
+\ifx\letter\ucletter%
+{\bigscfont#1}\else{\smscfont#1}\fi}%% 
+\let\go\pickupnewlett\fi\fi\go}
+
+\def\pickupnewword#1 {\expandafter\pickupnewlett#1\relax}
+%% <== end fakesc
+
+%% ==> glosario
+\def\glossary{
+%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+\dooffprintinfo
+\markboth{GLOSARIO}{GLOSARIO}
+\chapter*{Glosario}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Glosario}
+\everypar={}
+\bgroup
+\leftskip=1in \parindent=-1in
+\def\term##1{\vskip3pt\indent\hbox to 1in{##1\hfill}\relax}}
+\def\endglossary{\vskip12pt\egroup\newpage
+\markboth{}{}
+}
+%% <==
+
+%% ==> acronimos
+\def\acronyms{%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+\dooffprintinfo
+\markboth{ACRÓNIMOS}{ACRÓNIMOS}
+\chapter*{Acrónimos}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Acrónimos}
+\everypar={}
+\bgroup
+\normalsize
+\leftskip=1pc \parindent=-1pc
+\def\term##1{\vskip2pt{\bf ##1}\hskip1em\relax}}
+\def\endacronyms{\vskip12pt\egroup\newpage
+\markboth{}{}
+}
+
+\def\acro#1#2{\vskip4pt\hbox to\textwidth{\normalsize
+\hbox to5pc{#1\hfill}\vtop{\advance\hsize by
+-5pc\raggedright\noindent#2}}}
+
+%% <==
+
+%% ==> símbolos
+\def\symbols{\startonoddpage\global\titletrue
+\dooffprintinfo
+\markboth{LISTA DE SÍMBOLOS}{LISTA DE SÍMBOLOS}
+\chapter*{Símbolos}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Lista de Símbolos}
+\everypar={}
+\bgroup\leftskip=1pc \parindent=-1pc
+\def\term##1{\vskip2pt{$##1\,$}\hskip1em\relax}}
+\def\endsymbols{\vskip12pt\egroup
+\newpage
+\markboth{}{}
+}
+%% <== final de símbolos
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Índice ===>>>
+
+\makeindex
+% latex default
+%% Use \latexprintindex instead of \printindex to
+%% get the default latex index.
+
+%% Contents of makeidx.sty contained in \latexprintindex command.
+%% This is because \printindex is defined in this package so
+%% user doing \usepackage{makeidx} will get error message.
+
+\providecommand*\seealso[2]{\emph{\alsoname} #1}
+\providecommand*\alsoname{ver también}
+
+\newcommand\printindex{\startonoddpage
+\def\see##1##2{\emph{\seename} ##1}
+\def\seename{ver}
+\@input@{\jobname.ind}}
+
+\def\indexname{Índice}
+
+\newenvironment{theindex}
+               {\if@twocolumn
+                  \@restonecolfalse
+                \else
+                  \@restonecoltrue
+                \fi
+                \columnseprule \z@
+                \columnsep 35\p@
+                \twocolumn[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}]%
+                \@mkboth{\uppercase{\indexname}}%
+                        {\uppercase{\indexname}}%
+ \addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{\indexname}
+\global\titletrue\dooffprintinfo
+\parindent\z@
+    \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+    \let\item\@idxitem
+\spaceskip=3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt\xspaceskip=\spaceskip
+\footnotesize\baselineskip=10pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}
+               {\pagestyle{headings}
+\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else
+\clearpage\fi}
+
+\newcommand{\@idxitem}  {\par\hangindent 40\p@}
+\newcommand{\subitem}   {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
+\newcommand{\subsubitem}{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
+\newcommand{\indexspace}{\par\vskip 10\p@ \@plus0\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+
+\def\multiprintindex#1#2{\startonoddpage
+\def\see##1##2{\emph{\seename} ##1}
+\def\seename{ver}
+\def\indexname{#2}
+\markboth{#2}{#2}
+\input #1.ind}
+
+\newskip\iletterskip
+\iletterskip=8pt plus .1pt minus 2pt
+\def\iletter#1{\goodbreak\vskip\iletterskip{\sectionfont\uppercase{#1}\vrule depth 8pt width0pt}\nobreak}
+
+\def\seealso#1{\hskip16pt{\it Ver también\ }{#1}}
+
+\def\ltr#1{\nobreak\vskip\iletterskip
+\hrule
+\nobreak
+\vskip3pt
+{\bf#1}
+\nobreak
+\vskip\iletterskip}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Borrador
+
+\def\draft{\global\drafttrue
+\def\@oddfoot{\vtop to 0pt{\vskip24pt\large\tt
+D R A F T\hfill\today, \realtime\hfill D R A F T\global\titlefalse\vss}}
+\def\@evenfoot{\@oddfoot}\normalsize}
+
+\def\fix{\ifcase\oldtime 0\or0\or0\or%
+0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\fi}
+\def\fixtiming{\ifcase\timing 0\or0\or0\or% 
+0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\fi}
+\newcount\timing 
+\newcount\hourcount
+\newcount\oldtime 
+
+\def\realtime{\timing=\time \oldtime=\time
+\ifnum\timing>60 \divide\timing by 60
+\hourcount=\the\timing
+\multiply\timing by 60
+\advance\oldtime by-\timing
+\ifnum\hourcount<12 \number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime am\fi%
+\ifnum\hourcount=12 \number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime pm\fi%
+\ifnum\hourcount>12 \advance\hourcount by-12
+\number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime pm\fi
+\else12:\fixtiming\number\timing am\fi}
+
+\newcommand{\today}{\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\day, \number\year}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%% Macros para problemas propuestos
+
+\newcount\probcount
+\newcount\subprobcount
+\newcount\c@subproblem
+\def\problems{
+\global\probcount=0
+\global\subprobcount=0
+\global\c@subproblem=0
+\goodbreak\vskip12pt
+\markright{PROBLEMS}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}Problemas}
+\noindent{\sectionfont\uppercase{Problemas}\vrule depth 4pt width0pt}\markright{PROBLEMAS}\nobreak}
+
+\long\def\xappendixname{\appendixname}%
+
+\def\endproblems{\xdef\@currentlabel{\thechapter}}
+\def\appendchapt{\Alph {chapter}}
+\def\prob{\ifx\@chapapp\xappendixname
+\let\go\aprob\else\let\go\chapprob\fi\go}
+\def\subprob{\ifx\@chapapp\xappendixname
+\let\go\asubprob\else\let\go\chapsubprob\fi\go}
+
+
+\def\aprob{\vskip6pt
+\leftskip=0pt
+\global\c@subproblem=0
+\global\advance\probcount by1
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\Alph{chapter}.\the\probcount}
+\noindent{\bf\Alph{chapter}.\the\probcount\hskip12pt\relax}}
+
+
+\def\asubprob{\vskip1pt
+\global\advance\c@subproblem by1
+\leftskip=39pt
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\Alph{chapter}.\the\probcount.\alph{subproblem}}
+%
+\noindent\hbox to 0pt{\hss\bf\alph{subproblem})\ \ }\relax}
+
+
+\newcount\c@subproblem
+
+\def\chapprob{\vskip6pt
+\leftskip=0pt
+\global\c@subproblem=0
+\global\advance\probcount by1
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\the\c@chapter.\the\probcount}
+\noindent{\bf\the\c@chapter.\the\probcount\hskip12pt\relax}}
+
+\def\chapsubprob{\vskip1pt
+\global\advance\c@subproblem by1
+\leftskip=39pt
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\the\c@chapter.\the\probcount.\alph{subproblem}}
+%
+\noindent\hbox to 0pt{\hss\alph{subproblem})\ \ }\relax}
+
+\def\sidebysideprob#1#2{\centerline{\vtop{\hsize=.475\textwidth
+\prob #1}\hfill\vtop{\hsize=.475\textwidth \prob #2}}}
+
+\def\sidebysidesubprob#1#2{\centerline{\vtop{\hsize=.475\textwidth
+\subprob #1}\hfill\vtop{\hsize=.475\textwidth \subprob #2}}}
+
+%%%% <<==  Final de problemas propuestos
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%% Ejercicios
+
+
+\def\exercises{\goodbreak\vskip12pt
+\markright{EJERCICIOS}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}Ejercicios}
+\section*{EJERCICIOS}
+\global\probcount=0
+\global\subprobcount=0
+\global\c@subproblem=0
+\markright{EJERCICIOS}\nobreak}
+
+\def\endexercises{\vskip1sp\xdef\@currentlabel{\thechapter}}
+
+\let\exer\prob
+\let\subexer\subprob
+\let\sidebysideexer\sidebysideprob
+\let\sidebysidesubexer\sidebysidesubprob
+
+
+
+%%%% <<==  final de macro de ejercicios 
+
+
+\pagenumbering{roman}
+\widowpenalty10000
+\clubpenalty10000
+
+%%%%%
+%%%% side by side
+%%%% to use: 
+% \begin{figure or table} \sidebyside{}{} \end{figure or table}
+%
+% \begin{table} 
+% \sidebyside{\caption{table caption} first table}
+% {\caption{table caption} second table}
+% \end{table}
+
+% or
+
+% \begin{figure} 
+% \sidebyside{\vskip<dimen>\caption{fig caption}}
+% {\vskip<dimen>\caption{fig caption}}
+% \end{figure}
+
+%% To label for cross referencing, use \label after and <outside> of
+%% \caption{}
+
+% \begin{table} 
+% \sidebyside{\caption{table caption}\label{tab1}
+% first table}
+% {\caption{table caption}\label{tab2} second table}
+% \end{table}
+
+% or
+
+% \begin{figure} 
+% \sidebyside{\vskip<dimen>\caption{fig caption}\label{fig1}}
+% {\vskip<dimen>\caption{fig caption}\label{fig2}}
+% \end{figure}
+
+
+
+\long\def\sidebyside#1#2{%
+\hbox to\textwidth{\vtop{\hsize=.5\textwidth%
+\advance\hsize by -.5\columnsep
+\parindent=0pt
+\centering
+ 
+#1\vskip1sp}\hskip\columnsep\vtop{\hsize=.5\textwidth%
+\advance\hsize by -.5\columnsep
+\parindent=0pt
+\centering
+#2
+
+}\hfill}}
+
+\def\copyrightpage{\thispagestyle{empty}%
+\vbox to\textheight\bgroup\vfill\obeylines\obeyspaces\xcopyrightpage}
+
+\def\xcopyrightpage#1#2\end#3{\scriptsize\parindent=0pt
+%Copyleft \copyright{#1} por Fundación CENDITEL. 
+%\vskip6.5pt
+%Publicado por Fundación CENDITEL - MPPCTI.\\
+%\vskip6.5pt
+
+Derecho de Autor © 2014 de: Endira Mora, Antonio Araujo, Víctor Bravo, Rodolfo Sumoza, José Contreras, Daniel Quintero.
+
+Fundación Centro Nacional de Desarrollo e Investigación en Tecnologías Libres (CENDITEL).
+Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación Universitaria, Ciencia y Tecnología.
+República Bolivariana de Venezuela.
+Algunos Derechos Reservados – Copyleft. 
+
+La presente obra está liberada bajo una Licencia ``Creative Commons Atribución - Reconocimiento, No comercial, Sin obra derivada 3.0'', que permite copiar, distribuir, exhibir y ejecutar la obra, no hacer obras derivadas y no hacer usos comerciales de la misma, bajo las condiciones de atribuir el crédito correspondiente a los autores  y compartir las obras derivadas resultantes bajo esta misma licencia.\\
+
+Más información sobre la licencia en:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/\\
+                  
+ISBN de la obra independiente: No. ''en trámite''\\
+Deposito Legal No. ''en trámite''\\
+
+
+%\vskip10pt
+%{\locfont Publicaciones de CENDITEL:}
+%\vskip8pt
+%#2
+%Impreso en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela.\\
+
+%10\ \ 9\ \ 8\ \ 7\ \ 6\ \ 5\ \  4\ \ 3\ \ 2\ \ 1 
+\vskip24pt
+\egroup\let\@badend\relax\endgroup}
+
+\let\endcopyrightpage\relax
+
+\def\seriespage{\newpage\thispagestyle{empty}\vbox to\textheight\bgroup\vfill
+\leftskip=34pt \rightskip=-34pt}
+\def\endseriespage{\vskip6pt{\noindent\hskip-12pt
+Texto adicional de información} \vskip24pt\egroup
+\newpage}
+\def\series#1#2{\noindent\hskip-12pt\uppercase{#1}\\
+\global\setbox0=\hbox{\footnotesize#2}
+\hsize=\wd0
+\footnotesize#2}
+
+\def\eds#1{\vskip6pt\footnotesize\noindent Editors: {\it #1}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Información de la separata
+
+\newif\ifoffprintinfo
+\def\dooffprintinfo{\global\offprintinfotrue}
+
+\def\copyrightyear#1{\def\thecopyrightyear{#1}}
+
+\copyrightyear{\the\year}
+
+\def\dofnote#1#2{\vtop{\hyphenpenalty=10000
+\advance\hsize -10pt \raggedright
+\footnotesize{\it #1. }\\{Por #2}
+\noindent\hbox{\footnotesize
+Copyright \copyright\ \thecopyrightyear\ Fundación CENDITEL}}}
+
+
+\def\offprintinfo#1#2{
+\def\theoffprint{\bgroup\frenchspacing
+\dofnote{#1}{#2}
+\egroup}}
+
+\def\x@makefntext#1{    
+\kern-3\p@
+\hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
+\kern2.6\p@
+\vrule height 9pt width0pt \relax
+#1}
+
+\def\offprintinfoerror{\typeout{^^J^^J 
+!! Please enter {\string\offprintinfo\string{(Título,
+Edición)\string}\string{(Autor)\string}^^J en el inicio de su documento.!!^^J^^J}}
+\bgroup
+\x@makefntext{Por favor introduzca {\tt \string\offprintinfo\string{(Título,
+Edición)\string}\string{(Autor)\string}\newline en el inicio de su 
+documento.\vrule depth8pt width0pt}\egroup}}
+
+
+\def\printoffprintinfo{\vtop to0pt{%
+\hsize=\textwidth\footnotesize
+\expandafter\ifx\csname theoffprint\endcsname\relax
+\offprintinfoerror\else\theoffprint\fi\vskip1sp\vss}}
+
+\let\c@CHAPTER\c@chapter
+
+%% LaTeX2e Cropmark Macros
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newif\ifcropmarkson
+\def\noprintcropmarks{\global\cropmarksonfalse}
+\def\nocropmarks{\global\cropmarksonfalse}
+\global\cropmarksonfalse
+
+
+\newdimen\widthofcropmarks
+
+\widthofcropmarks=39.25pc
+\advance\widthofcropmarks.125in %% new
+\widthofcropmarks=6.125in
+
+\newdimen\raisetopcropmarks
+\raisetopcropmarks=-25pt
+\advance\raisetopcropmarks.25in
+
+\newdimen\raisebottomcropmarks
+%\raisebottomcropmarks-48pt
+
+\raisebottomcropmarks-34pt % was 80pt
+
+
+\newdimen\movecropmarksright
+\movecropmarksright=-92pt
+
+\def\topcropmarks{\ifcropmarkson
+\vtop to0pt{\vss
+\hbox to0pt{\hskip\movecropmarksright\hbox to0pt{\hss%
+\hbox to2pc{\hrulefill\hskip3pt}\raise6pt\hbox{\vrule height 2pc}}%
+\hskip\widthofcropmarks%
+\hbox to0pt{%
+\raise6pt\hbox{\vrule height 2pc}\hbox to2pc{\hskip3pt\hrulefill}\hss}\hss}%
+\vskip\raisetopcropmarks}
+\fi}
+
+\def\bottomcropmarks{\ifcropmarkson
+\vtop to0pt{\vskip-\raisebottomcropmarks
+\hbox to0pt{\hskip\movecropmarksright\hbox to0pt{\hss%
+\hbox to2pc{\hrulefill\hskip3pt}\lower6pt\hbox{\vrule depth 2pc height
+0pt}}%
+\hskip\widthofcropmarks%
+\hbox to0pt{%
+\lower6pt\hbox{\vrule depth 2pc height0pt}\hbox
+to2pc{\hskip3pt\hrulefill}\hss}\hss}%
+\vss}\fi}
+
+
+\long\def\docropmarks{\let\saveshipout\shipout
+\long\def\shipout\vbox##1{\saveshipout\vbox{\topcropmarks##1\bottomcropmarks
+}}
+}
+
+\docropmarks
+
+\voffset-35pt
+\hoffset-25pt % was 48
+
+
+%% new additions, as of Jan 25, 2005
+\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[chapter]
+
+\newif\iffirstappendix
+\global\firstappendixtrue
+
+\newcount\c@appfootnote
+
+\def\appthanks#1{*\gdef\realthanks{#1}}
+
+\newif\ifappend
+
+\def\lookatapp{\if\next[\let\go\yappendix\else
+\let\go\xappendix\fi\go}
+
+\def\appendix{\global\appendtrue
+\let\thetable\savethetable
+\let\thefigure\savethefigure
+  \renewcommand{\@chapapp}{\appendixname}%
+%% if using answers.sty:
+\expandafter\ifx\csname Closesolutionfile\endcsname \relax
+\else
+\Closesolutionfile{ans}\fi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\futurelet\next\lookatapp}
+
+\def\yappendix[#1]#2{%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue\dooffprintinfo
+\global\@mainmattertrue% <<===
+\gdef \thepage {\csname @arabic\endcsname \c@page }
+%% To fix includeonly numbering bug: ====>> 
+\if@partsw\else
+\iffirstappendix\setcounter{chapter}{0}\fi
+\global\firstappendixfalse\fi% 
+\refstepcounter{chapter}
+% <<====  end bug fix
+%% when using answers.sty,
+%% to open an ans<chapnum> file to be used for solutions section
+\expandafter\ifx\csname Opensolutionfile\endcsname\relax\else
+\Opensolutionfile{ans}[ans\Alph{chapter}]\fi
+  \setcounter{section}{0}%
+  \setcounter{figure}{0}%
+  \setcounter{table}{0}%
+  \setcounter{equation}{0}%
+ \setcounter{theorem}{0}%
+\def\two{#2}\ifx\two\empty
+\chapter*{Apéndice \Alph{chapter}}
+\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Alph{chapter}}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{achapter}{\thechapter}
+\else
+\chapter*{\vtop{\let\thanks\appthanks
+ \baselineskip=30pt \parindent=0pt
+\leftskip=0pt
+\Alph{chapter}\vskip4pt
+ #2}}
+%
+\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Alph{chapter}}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{achapter}{\thechapter\hskip2pt \ \quad #1}
+\fi
+%
+\def\one{#1}
+{\let\\ \
+\ifx\one\empty
+\markboth{\uppercase{Apéndice \thechapter}}{\uppercase{Apéndice \thechapter}}
+\else
+\markboth{\uppercase{#1}}{\uppercase{#1}}
+\fi
+}
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\thechapter}
+\ifx\realthanks\xrelax\else
+\xdef\dofoot{\realthanks}
+\fi
+{\ifx\realthanks\xrelax\else
+\def\thefootnote{*}
+\footnotetext{\dofoot}\fi}
+\gdef\realthanks{\relax}
+}
+
+
+\let\dofoot\relax
+\gdef\realthanks{\relax}
+\def\xrelax{\relax}
+\def\xappendix#1{\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue\dooffprintinfo
+\global\@mainmattertrue% <<===
+\gdef \thepage {\csname @arabic\endcsname \c@page }
+%% To fix includeonly numbering bug: ====>> 
+\if@partsw\else
+\iffirstappendix\setcounter{chapter}{0}\fi
+\global\firstappendixfalse\fi% 
+\refstepcounter{chapter}
+% <<====  end bug fix
+%% when using answers.sty,
+%% to open an ans<chapnum> file to be used for solutions section
+%
+\expandafter\ifx\csname Opensolutionfile\endcsname\relax\else
+\Opensolutionfile{ans}[ans\Alph{chapter}]\fi
+  \setcounter{section}{0}%
+  \setcounter{figure}{0}%
+  \setcounter{table}{0}%
+  \setcounter{equation}{0}%
+ \setcounter{theorem}{0}%
+  \renewcommand{\@chapapp}{\appendixname}%
+\def\one{#1}\ifx\one\empty
+\chapter*{Apéndice \Alph{chapter}}
+\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Alph{chapter}}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{achapter}{\thechapter\hskip2pt \ \quad Apéndice}
+\else
+\chapter*{\vtop{\let\thanks\appthanks
+ \baselineskip=30pt 
+\leftskip=0pt \parindent=0pt
+ Apéndice \Alph{chapter}\vskip4pt
+ #1}}
+\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Alph{chapter}}
+\let\thanks\eatone
+\addcontentsline{toc}{achapter}{\thechapter\hskip2pt \ \quad
+ #1}
+\fi
+\def\one{#1}
+{\let\\ \ 
+\ifx\one\empty
+\markboth{\uppercase{Apéndice \thechapter}}{\uppercase{Apéndice \thechapter}}
+\else
+\let\thanks\eatone
+\markboth{\uppercase{#1}}{\uppercase{#1}}
+\fi
+}
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\thechapter}
+\ifx\realthanks\xrelax\else
+\xdef\dofoot{\realthanks}
+\fi
+{\ifx\realthanks\xrelax\else
+\def\thefootnote{*}
+\footnotetext{\dofoot}}
+\fi
+\gdef\realthanks{\relax}
+\egroup
+}
+
+
+%% For square boxes for Q.E.D. symbol, used in end proof
+
+ \newdimen\slugwidth
+ \newdimen\slugheight
+ \newdimen\slugdepth
+
+ \slugwidth=4.5pt
+ \slugheight=4.5pt
+ \slugdepth=0pt
+
+
+ \def\qed{\unskip\nobreak~~~\hfill\llap{%
+ \vbox{\unskip\nobreak~~~\hfill\llap{\vrule height \slugheight width 
+ \slugwidth depth\slugdepth}}}}
+
+\def\sslug{\raise.5ex\hbox{\vrule width 4pt height4pt depth0pt}}
+\def\slug{\vrule width 7pt height7pt depth0pt}
+\@addtoreset{exampnum}{chapter}
+\newcount\c@exampnum
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% Ejemplo %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\exbox{{\fboxsep=0pt \fboxrule =.5pt
+\fbox{\vrule height 7pt width 0pt\hskip7pt}%
+\hskip-5.5pt\raise 2pt\hbox{\vrule width 7.25pt height 7.25pt}
+}}
+
+\def\example{\@ifnextchar[{\xexample}{\yexample}}
+
+\def\xexample[#1]{\goodbreak\everypar={}\vskip12pt\global\advance\c@exampnum by 1
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\thechapter.\the\c@exampnum}
+\noindent\vrule depth14pt width0pt\exbox\ \ {\small\bf
+\uppercase{Example} \thechapter.\the\c@exampnum}\hskip1em {\bf #1}%
+\vskip1sp
+\bgroup\nobreak\vskip1sp
+\leftskip=18pt 
+\@afterindentfalse\@afterheading\nobreak}
+
+\def\yexample{\goodbreak\everypar={}\vskip12pt\global\advance\c@exampnum by 1
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\thechapter.\the\c@exampnum}
+\noindent\vrule depth14pt width0pt\exbox\ \ {\small\bf \uppercase{Ejemplo} \thechapter.\the\c@exampnum}
+\vskip1sp
+\bgroup
+\leftskip=18pt 
+\@afterindentfalse\@afterheading\nobreak}
+
+\def\endexample{\vskip1sp\egroup\vskip6pt
+\global\everypar={\hskip-\parindent\everypar={}}
+\leftskip=0pt
+}
+
+%% ==> Algoritmo
+\def\xpar{\par\leavevmode}
+{\catcode`\^^M=\active % these lines must end with %
+  \gdef\xobeylines{\catcode`\^^M\active \let^^M\xpar}%
+}
+
+\@addtoreset{algorithm}{chapter}
+\@addtoreset{algo}{chapter}
+\newtheorem{algo}{Algorithm}[chapter]
+\newcount\c@algorithm
+
+\def\algorithm{\vskip12pt
+\global\advance\c@algorithm by 1
+\xdef\@currentlabel{\thechapter.\the\c@algorithm}
+\noindent{\bf Algoritmo \arabic{chapter}.\arabic{algorithm}}
+\vskip6pt
+\bgroup\xobeylines\obeyspaces\def\ {\quad}
+\parindent=0pt\footnotesize\tt\leftskip=1pc\vskip4pt\relax}
+
+\def\endalgorithm{\vskip4pt\egroup}
+
+%% <== Algoritmo
+
+\let\savelabel\label
+
+ \def\proof{\everypar={}
+ \futurelet\next\lookforbracket}
+
+ \def\lookforbracket{\ifx\next[\let\go\usespecialterm
+ \else\let\go\relax
+ \ifvmode\vskip-\lastskip\fi
+ \vskip8pt
+ \noindent{\it Proof\/:}% 
+\enskip\relax\fi\ignorespaces\go}
+
+ \def\usespecialterm[#1]{\ifvmode\vskip-\lastskip\fi
+ \vskip6pt
+ \noindent%
+ {\it Proof\ \ {\rm(#1):}}\ \ \relax\ignorespaces}
+
+ \def\endproof{\qed\vskip6pt\relax}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Answers macros
+%%%% Problems and Solutions, Accomodating answers.sty commands
+
+
+\def\solutionchap#1{\section*{\uppercase{Soluciones por Capítulo} #1}
+\openin1 ans#1.tex \ifeof1
+\typeout{^^J^^J No file ans#1.tex! 
+^^J\string\solutionchap\string{#1\string} requires ans#1.tex^^J
+Please
+make sure that you have entered
+\string\usepackage{answers} and
+\string\Newassociation\string{sol\string}\string{Solution\string}\string{ans\string}\space and then run LaTeX on your file again.}
+\else
+\input{ans#1}\fi}
+
+\def\solutionappendix#1{\section*{\uppercase{Soluciones por Apéndice} #1}
+\openin1 ans#1.tex \ifeof1
+\typeout{^^J^^J No file ans#1.tex! 
+^^J\string\solutionchap\string{#1\string} requires ans#1.tex^^J
+Please
+make sure that you have entered
+\string\usepackage{answers} and
+\string\Newassociation\string{sol\string}\string{Solution\string}\string{ans\string}\space and then run LaTeX on your file again.}
+\else
+\input{ans#1}\fi}
+
+
+\def\solutions{\newpage\ifodd\c@page\else\thispagestyle{empty}
+\null\newpage\fi
+\chapter*{Problem Solutions}
+\markboth{Problem Solutions}{Problem Solutions}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{schapter}{Problem Solutions}
+\expandafter\ifx\csname Closesolutionfile\endcsname \relax\else
+\Closesolutionfile{ans}\fi
+}
+
+\let\savedocument\document
+\let\saveenddocument\enddocument
+
+\def\enddocument{
+\expandafter\ifx\csname Closesolutionfile\endcsname \relax\else
+\Closesolutionfile{ans}\fi
+\saveenddocument}
+
+\def\document{%
+\savedocument
+\expandafter\ifx\csname Newassociation\endcsname\relax
+\def\sol{\typeout{^^J^^J To make \string\begin\string{sol\string} work, please use \string\usepackage\string{answers\string}
+^^J^^J}}
+\def\endsol{\typeout{^^J^^J}}
+\def\Solution##1{\typeout{^^J^^J To make \string\Solution\space work, please use \string\usepackage\string{answers\string}
+^^J^^J}}
+\else
+\Newassociation{sol}{Solution}{ans}\fi
+}
+
+\def\xnumberline#1{\hb@xt@\@tempdima{\hskip12pt\llap{#1}\hfill}}
+
+\newcommand{\contentsinbrief}{%
+%\startonoddpage
+\global\titletrue
+\advance\chapskip-6pt
+\chapheight=-12pt
+\partskip=-12pt
+\vglue-10.5pc
+    \chapter*{Lista breve de Contenidos}
+    \@mkboth{\uppercase{Lista breve de Contenidos}}{\uppercase{Lista breve de Contenidos}}%
+\bgroup
+\let\numberline\xnumberline
+\parskip=6pt
+{\hyphenpenalty=10000
+\parindent=0pt
+\@startchaptoc{toc}
+}
+\egroup
+    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi
+\newpage
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+\markboth{}{}
+    }
+
+\def\@startchaptoc#1{%
+  \begingroup
+\def\l@chapter##1##2{%
+  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\m@ne
+    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
+    \vskip 12pt \@plus6\p@
+     \setlength\@tempdima{2em}% was 1.5
+    \begingroup\chaptocfont
+      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+      \leavevmode
+      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+      \hskip -\leftskip
+ ##1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss ##2}\par
+      \penalty\@highpenalty
+    \endgroup
+  \fi\vskip-6pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{0}
+    \makeatletter
+    \@input{\jobname.#1}%
+    \@nobreakfalse
+  \endgroup}
+
+
+%%% Macros de libro editado:
+
+\font\chapauthorfont=cmcsc10
+\font\chapaffilfont=\timesroman at 9pt
+
+\def\chapteraffil#1{\vskip6pt
+\noindent{\let\affilmark\newaffilmark\chapaffilfont\ignorespaces #1\vskip1sp}}
+\def\saveaffilmark#1{$^{#1}$}
+\def\newaffilmark#1{\leftskip4pt\hbox to0pt{\hss\hbox to 4pt{$^{#1}$}}}
+\def\eatone#1{}
+
+\newdimen\chapskip
+\chapskip=26pt
+\newdimen\chapheight
+\newdimen\authorskip
+
+\def\chapterauthors#1{\vbox to0pt{\vglue-1in
+\let\affilmark\saveaffilmark\chapauthorfont #1\vrule height 10pt width0pt\ }
+{\let\chapteraffil\eatone\let\affilmark\eatone
+\addtocontents{toc}{\string\nobreak
+\vskip\authorskip
+\string\noindent\vrule height 9pt width0pt\hskip\chapskip#1\hfill\vskip\chapheight}\ \vskip3pt}}
+
+\def\contributors{\chapter*{CONTRIBUYENTES}
+\vskip1sp
+\leftskip=10pt
+\parindent-10pt
+\vskip-2pt
+\everypar={}
+\def\footnote##1{\hskip-10pt\savefootnote{##1}\hskip10pt}
+\setcounter{page}{5}
+\global\titletrue
+\markboth{CONTRIBUYENTES}{CONTRIBUYENTES}}
+
+\def\endcontributors{\newpage\markboth{}{}}
+
+\def\name#1{\vskip2pt\fakesc #1*\hskip10pt}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% Warn against using earlier commands
+\expandafter\def\csname chapreferences*\endcsname{
+\typeout{^^J^^J \string\begin\string{chapreferences*\string}\space is
+obsolete.^^J Please use
+\string\begin\string{chapreferences\string}\string{<widest label>\string}\space instead.^^J Consulte docs.pdf si tiene preguntas.}\stop }
+
+\expandafter\def\csname references*\endcsname{
+\typeout{^^J^^J \string\begin\string{references*\string}\space is
+obsolete.^^J Please use
+\string\begin\string{references\string}\string{<widest label>\string}\space instead.^^J Consulte docs.pdf si tiene preguntas.}\stop }
+
+
+\expandafter\def\csname namedchapreferences\endcsname{
+\typeout{^^J^^J \string\begin\string{namedchapreferences\string}\space is
+obsolete.^^J Please use
+\string\begin\string{chapreferences\string}\string{<widest label>\string}\space instead.^^J Consulte docs.pdf si tiene preguntas.}\stop }
+
+\expandafter\def\csname namedreferences\endcsname{
+\typeout{^^J^^J \string\begin\string{namedreferences\string}\space is
+obsolete.^^J Please use
+\string\begin\string{references\string}\string{<widest label>\string}\space instead.^^J Consulte docs.pdf si tiene preguntas.}\stop }
+
+\endinput
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
